C PROGRAMMING MASTERCLASS

Introduction to C standards.

Compilers (GCC, Clang), IDE configurations (VS Code), and compilation pipelines (Preprocessing → Compiling → Assembling → Linking).

Layout of a basic C script, #include directives, and the main() execution entry point.

Keywords, identifiers, constants, and literals.

int, char, float, double, void, along with modifiers (short, long, signed, unsigned).

Standard streams, formatted I/O via printf() and scanf(), and character-based routines (getchar(), putchar()).

Arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, increment/decrement, and the ternary conditional operator (?:). Order of expression evaluation.

if, if-else ladders, and switch-case blocks.

Entry-controlled loops (for, while) and exit-controlled loops (do-while).

Control transfers with break, continue, and goto.

Single-dimensional and multi-dimensional matrices; elements distribution in memory contiguous cells.

Character arrays terminated by null characters (10), and manipulation functions via <string.h> (e.g.. strcpy, strcat, strien, strcmp).

Custom user-defined functions, scope rules (local vs. global variables). and function parameters (Call-by-Value).

Double pointers (pointer-to-pointer) pointer-to-arrays. array of pointers and pointer arithmetic mechanics.

Declaring function addresses, implementing callback patterns, and building state-machine vectors.

Explicit heap interaction via malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and prevention of leaks with free().

Practical debugging of dangling pointers, memory leaks, and segmentation faults utilizing diagnostic tools like Valgrind. struct, union, nested record layouts, data padding/alignment, and custom renaming with typedef.

Operations (&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>) for masking, toggling, and shifting data variables.

Custom memory packing inside structures to optimize hardware footprint.

Macro substitutions with parameters (#define), conditional compilation flags (#ifdef. #ifndef), and multi-file code inclusion patterns.

Variable behavior altering using static, extern, register, volatile, and const keywords.

Construction and programmatic control of Singly, Doubly, and Circular Linked Lists.

Stack and Queue behaviors mapped inside arrays and linked references.

Basic Binary Trees. Binary Search Trees (BST), and structural element traversing paths.

Text and raw binary file controls via fopen/fclose alongside structural system buffering utilities (fread, fwrite, fseek, ftell).

Executing deep OS commands, processing variations using fork(), exec(), wait(), and managing raw system level interrupts/signals.

Concurrent application architectures deploying POSIX threads (pthreads), data synchronization structures (mutex, semaphores), and avoiding deadlock hazards.

Design functions accepting arbitrary parameter counts using headers like <stdarg.h> (e.g.. handling va list, va start, va arg).